Summary:

The word “become” (v.1) means fitting or appropriate. For example, women weren’t well received in Roman society, but Paul told the Romans that it isn’t fitting for God’s people not to receive a woman just because she’s a woman (Rom. 16:1,2).

“Become” also means to make something look good. The bickering in Philippi wasn’t making the gospel look good (Phil. 1:27). So when Paul told Titus to “speak the things which become sound doctrine,” he was telling him to speak to believers and tell them how to act in appropriate ways that make sound doctrine look good.

To do that, he tells aged men to be “sober” (2:2). The only thing sadder than a drunk is an old drunk, for hope that he will quit drinking has faded. “Sober” also means not thinking higher of yourself than you ought (Rom. 12:3), as aged men sometimes look back at their lives and do, like Nebuchadnezzar (Dn. 4:30). That’s not becoming to sound doctrine!

Aged men must also be “grave” (2:2), a word that means to be serious—serious about the things of the Lord!Sometimes aged men relax their commitment to the truth, thinking they’ve done enough for the truth in their lives. Knowing this, Paul tells them to be grave instead.

He also tells them to be “temperate” (2:2), which means moderate. It’s related to the word “temper,” which we think of as anger, but that’s what happens when you lose your temper. Your temper is the calm, moderate way you’re supposed to look at things without losing your temper. Not all aged men can look back at their lives and feel good about their accomplishments, and so get angry. But aged Christian men shouldn’t, because if you’re saved you’ve accomplished a praiseworthy amount of things for the Lord (I Cor. 4:5).

Aged men should also be “sound in faith” (2:2). “Sound” means healthy and strong (cf. Isa. 1:6). He’s not saying aged men should be strong in the faith, the body of truth given to Paul. That’s true, but here it means strong in faithfulness or dependability (cf. Rom. 3:3). Aged men need to be told to be sound in faith because with age comes weariness in well doing (Gal. 6:9).

Aged men must also be sound “in charity” (2:2), which means being sound in longsuffering (I Cor. 13:4), which gets harder as you get older! Charity also “envieth not” (13:4). Envy hurts worse when you get older because toward the end of your life you realize you probably aren’t going to ever get the things you spent your life envying!

Being sound in charity also means not being “puffed up” (13:4) with knowledge (I Cor. 8:4). Old men have to be warned about this because they have accumulated a lot of knowledge! Charity also doesn’t behave “unseemly” (13:5), or inappropriately in sensual areas (cf. Rom. 1:27). Being a dirty old man is unbecoming to sound doctrine.

Charity also “believeth all things” (13:7), that is, believes the best about someone. That’s hard for aged men after a lifetime of seeing people at their worst, but they must if they want to be sound “in charity.”

Aged men should also be sound “in patience” (2:2), a word often associated with being patient for the coming of the Lord (Ps. 37:7). That gets harder for older men after a lifetime of watching the unsaved prosper, as Psalm 37:7 talks about.

Are you sound in faith? One definition of “sound” is to strike something to see if it is strong based on the sound it makes when you strike it. If you’re not sure if you’re faithfulness is sound, you’ll find out when something in life strikes it. Similarly, if you’re not sure if you are sound in charity, you’ll find out when you offer someone charity and they lash out at you.

We should all learn to walk in ways that are becoming to the sound doctrine we preach. It’s not enough to believe sound doctrine, it’s not enough to teach sound doctrine. We must live sound doctrine in such a way that is becoming to it!

Summary:

A “fable” (1:14) is an untrue story, and the Jews in Crete were telling some fables that were causing problems in the churches. These fables had to do with the “commandments of men” that Paul also warns us about (v. 14). Under the Law, the commandments of men were the traditions the Jews were telling that negated the commandments of God found in the Law (Mt. 15:6-8). But now under grace, the Law contains the commandments of men (Colossians 2:21-23).

So the commandments of men being taught by the Jews in Crete were the commandments of the Law, and the fables they were telling were doubtless stories designed to teach that we are still under the Law, for a fable is a story designed to teach a lesson. Those fables are still told today. When we tell men we are not under the Law, they tell stories of how God is still blessing men with health if they are good as He did under the Law (Ex. 23:25), and wealth if they pay their tithes, as He did under the Law (Deut. 8:18; Mal. 3:10).

Paul predicted that men would turn from the truth to these fables (II Tim. 4:3,4), and confirmed that fables turn men from the truth in our text (1:14). The Law was once the truth of God, but now it turns men from the truth of grace. If you obeyed the Law when it was part of God’s program you obeyed the truth, but when the Galatians turned from grace to the Law, Paul had to ask them what hindered them “that ye should not obey the truth” (Gal. 3:1). The Old Testament is full of true stories of how God blessed Israel with health and wealth when they were good, but stories like that happening today are fables, so don’t give heed to them!

The Law teachers in Crete were telling the believers that the Law said certain meats were unclean or impure, so Paul responded by saying that to pure, saved people, people like the believers in Crete’s churches, all things are pure (1:15). But to “them that are defiled and unbelieving” nothing was pure, i.e., to unbelievers all foods were unclean. Just as everything these unsaved Law teachers did was sin (Pr. 21:4), everything they ate was unclean, as startling as that is to consider!

When Paul says of these Law teachers that “even their mind” is defiled (1:15), that means everything the unsaved man thinks is unclean (Isaiah 59:7). Isaiah was talking about Jews, but Paul applies his words to all men (Rom. 3:15-17).

And if your mind is unclean, you can’t trust your conscience, and Paul says that the conscience of an unsaved man is defiled too (1:15). As Saul of Tarsus, he murdered men with a clear conscience (Acts 23:1) because his mind told him they were wrong. He thought he knew God and they didn’t.

Just as these Law teachers in Crete professed to know God (1:16), “but in works they deny Him,” just as Paul denied Him with his murderous works. He killed people for money (Gal. 1:13,14), they were teaching untrue things for money (Tit. 1:11).

There’s words for men who do despicable things like that for money, and one of them is “abominable” (1:16). The Law teachers were telling the believers they were abominable if they ate certain meats, for that’s what the Law said (Lev. 11:41-43). Paul says the Law teachers themselves were the abominable ones! “Abominable” means “very hated” (Deut. 12:31; Pr. 6:16; Jer. 4:44). God loved them as sinners needing salvation, but if they weren’t willing to admit their need, He hated them as workers of iniquity (Ps. 5:5).

The reason Paul calls these Law teachers “disobedient” (1:16) was because that’s what they were calling the saints for not keeping the diet laws. Under the Law, “disobedient” meant disobedient to the Law (Neh. 9:26). But they were the real disobedient ones (Rom. 10:21), for they had not obeyed the gospel (Rom. 10:16).

Finally, when Paul says they were “reprobates” (1:16), that word means abandoned (Rom. 1:21-29). In Romans 1, Paul was describing the Gentiles before Abraham, whom God had to abandon or give up, but now the Jews had joined them in this. They were “unto every good work reprobate” because as unsaved men they were totally unable to do good works, totally unable to do anything but sin. No wonder Paul told Titus to tell men to pay them no heed!